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【修复地球·EPA】美国怎样培训污染场地管理与应急响应人员
2014-05-19   来源:新农资360网   

HAZWOPER:危废管理与应急响应培训课程简介


提供:Lida Tan(谭思理,USEPA) 分析:周永峰-JC


译者小序:HAZWOPE,Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response,可译为《危废管理与应急响应培训》,在美国已经实施了近30年,主要用于提高污染场地管理人员的健康与安全意识,也是法律所规定的最为基础的培训课程。目前我国土壤与地下水污染修复产业刚刚起步,相关法律、法规、规程、制度尚不完善,基础培训甚为稀少。故而在美国环保局Lida Tan经理的大力支持下,将美国成熟的HAZWOPER培训制度介绍给国内领导专家,以资借鉴。


基本情况:HAZWOPER涉及到多种危险废弃物管理与应急响应服务,其中包括污染场地的管理与应急响应。目前HAZWOPER更为普遍的含义是一种基础技能的培训制度:参与污染场地相关工作的人员必须通过该培训课程。根据工作内容以及所需面对的危险废弃物场地的不同,有不同的培训级别、要求以及所规定的培训时间。例如,普通的污染场地工作人员需参加40小时的基础课程、3天的管理培训,同时每年还必须有最少8小时的复训(refresher class)。而经理级别的管理人员在此基础上则还需要增加8小时的培训时间。


培训一般设置现场实操环节,受训人员需现场穿戴各种防护服、戴面具,工作人员还需接受医学监测(medical monitoring)。


HAZWOPER最常用的教材Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities,Department of Health and Human Services Publication 85–115,可译为《危险废弃物现场工作职业安全与健康指导手册》,是进行污染场地清理与应急响应时必须达到的安全与健康要求。(更多内容,请点击“阅读原文”了解


下面结合一则实例,分析一下“40小时培训课程”也即普通工作人员所需学习的基本内容。


实例:一则HAZWOPER培训通知(USEPA最新,Lida Tan提供)


Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) 40-Hour


分析:课程名称《HAZWOPER-40小时培训》


(This class was previously titled "Health and Safety - 40 Hour.")


分析:曾用名《健康与安全-40小时培训》,因其为USEPA内训,名称很简短,大家都懂的。


This 5-day course is designed for personnel involved with the investigation and remediation of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and, to a lesser extent, response to an accident involving hazardous materials. It provides basic information needed to meet the forty hours training requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120 (e)(3)(i) Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER).


分析:培训对象主要面对从事危废场地调查评估与污染修复的人员,以及对危险废物进行应急响应的人员。所需时间为40小时(8hr/d×5d)。


After completing the course, participants will be able to:


分析:完成培训后,参加者将具备以下基础技能。


Identify methods and procedures for recognizing, evaluating, and controlling hazardous substances.


分析:能够识别危险物质辨识、评价、控制的方法与程序。


Identify concepts, principles, and guidelines to properly protect site or response personnel.


分析:能够识别保护现场工作人员或应急响应人员的一些基本概念、准则以及指南。


Discuss regulations and action levels to ensure health and safety of the workers.


分析:探讨确保工人健康与安全的规定与行动水平。


Discuss fundamentals needed to develop organizational structure and standard operating procedures.


分析:探讨进一步发展组织结构与标准操作程序的基本原则。


Select and use dermal and respiratory protective equipment.


分析:选择并使用皮肤与呼吸系统防护装备。


Demonstrate the use, calibration, and limitations of direct-reading air monitoring instruments.


分析:展示直读式空气监测仪表的使用、校准以及限制


After completing this course, participants will be more knowledgeable in hazardous waste operations, team functions, personnel health and safety procedures, and operation of field monitoring equipment. In some segments of the course, participants are required to wear respiratory equipment, which precludes wearing eyeglasses. Individuals who are severely restricted without their glasses should be aware that their participation may be limited unless they have contact lenses, their own spectacle kit or spectacle-equipped respirator facepiece. During some exercises, participants are required to wear chemical protective clothing, which may be stressful to certain individuals.


分析:是对培训内容的小结,注意在某些课程部分需要穿戴防护装备,比如防护镜;在实操环节中还需要穿戴化学防护服。


NOTE: A medical evaluation in accordance with the Respiratory Protection Standard, 29 CFR 1910.134 is necessary in order to attend this course. Each student must include with their registration a letter from their supervisor or a copy of a medical certificate that clearly states that a medical evaluation has been completed and that the student is medically able to wear respiratory protection equipment. This must be received at least 5 weeks prior to the course start date.


分析:是说参加培训需具备的条件,大体包括:需要进行医学评估并提供相应的证明文件,可以穿戴防护装备,提前5周报名等要求。


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